C++ is a general-purpose, high-level programming language developed in 1979 by Bjarne Stroustrup at AT & T Bell Laboratories.
C++ is a general-purpose, high-level programming language developed in 1979 by Bjarne Stroustrup at AT & T Bell Laboratories ◦. C++ was created as an advanced version of the C programming language, extending C with classes and objects, type checking, exception handling, inheritance, polymorphism, and other features ◦. The final renaming of the language was done in 1983 by Rick Mascitti when it was renamed to "C++" ◦. The ++ in C++ comes from the C language, where ++ means incrementing a variable by 1, so C++ roughly means " one more than C " ◦. Bjarne Stroustrup addressed the origin of the name "C++" in the preface of his book, *The C++ Programming Language*, saying that the name "C++" was inspired by George Orwell's book *Nineteen Eighty-Four* ◦. When Rick Mascitti was asked about the naming in 1992, he indicated that the name was given humorously, and he never thought that "C++" would become the formal name of the language ◦.
The philosophy of C++ programming language was laid in *The Design and Evolution of C++* (1994) by Bjarne Stroustrup ◦. The programmer should be free to choose his or her own programming paradigm, including procedural programming, object-oriented programming, generic programming, and data abstraction ◦. The language should be compatible with C, and the transition from C to C++ should not be difficult ◦. The language should be statically typed and for general purposes, and it should be as portable as C, meaning code written on one computer should be usable on another computer with little to no change required in the code ◦. It is not considered the job of a programming language to be "secure"; security is a systems property, and a language that is among other things a systems programming language cannot provide that by itself ◦. C++ offers protection against errors, rather than protection against deliberate violation of rules ◦. Trying to address security problems by having every programmer in every language insert the right run-time checks in the code is expensive and doomed to failure ◦.
The programmer should be free to choose his or her own programming paradigm, whether procedural, object-oriented, generic, or data abstraction ◦. The language rejects trying to address security problems by having every programmer insert the right run-time checks, viewing such an approach as expensive and doomed to failure ◦. Philosophical rules are generally not mechanically checkable, but individual rules reflecting these philosophical themes are ◦.
C++ roughly means " one more than C " because the ++ operator increments a variable by 1 ◦. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, generic, and data abstraction ◦. Security is regarded as a systems property, not a language property, and C++ offers protection against errors rather than against deliberate violation of rules ◦. Code is treated as the authoritative medium because what is expressed in code has defined semantics and can be checked by compilers and other tools ◦.
C++ is a general-purpose, high-level programming language ◦. It is a systems programming language that offers protection against errors ◦. It extends C with classes and objects, type checking, exception handling, inheritance, polymorphism, and other features ◦. It is accompanied by a set of guidelines for writing ISO Standard C++ ◦.
Compilers don't read comments (or design documents) and neither do many programmers consistently; what is expressed in code has defined semantics and can in principle be checked by compilers and other tools ◦. The language is accompanied by a set of guidelines for writing ISO Standard C++ ◦.
The name "C++" carries dual origin stories: the ++ symbol suggests " one more than C " ◦, while Bjarne Stroustrup also stated the name was inspired by George Orwell's *Nineteen Eighty-Four* ◦. Rick Mascitti indicated the name was given humorously and never intended to be formal ◦, yet the final renaming to "C++" was done in 1983 ◦. A tension exists between the freedom to choose any programming paradigm ◦ and the existence of formal guidelines for writing ISO Standard C++ ◦. The language offers protection against errors but not against deliberate violation of rules, while simultaneously holding that manual run-time checks are expensive and doomed to failure ◦.
The programmer should be free to choose his or her own programming paradigm from procedural, object-oriented, generic, or data abstraction ◦. Maintain compatibility with C and leverage its portability so that code requires little to no change across computers ◦. Express intent in code rather than in comments or design documents, because code has defined semantics that can be checked by compilers and tools ◦. Follow ISO Standard C++ guidelines and individual rules reflecting philosophical themes ◦.
> I do not consider it the job of a programming language to be "secure." Security is a systems property and a language that is -- among other things -- a systems programming language cannot provide that by itself. C++ offers protection against errors, rather than protection against deliberate violation of rules. ◦
> Trying to address security problems by having every programmer in every language insert the right run-time checks in the code is expensive and doomed to failure. ◦
> Compilers don't read comments (or design documents) and neither do many programmers (consistently). What is expressed in code has defined semantics and can (in principle) be checked by compilers and other tools. ◦
> Philosophical rules are generally not mechanically checkable. However, individual rules reflecting these philosophical themes are. ◦